What is xxgy?
xxgy = xin xing gong yi ,
many chinese Arts and Crafts are called gong yi, the name Xin Xing can be 鑫兴 or
新兴工艺厂, there are dozen 新兴工艺厂 or 星星工艺厂 Arts & Crafts factories (there are
many many 新兴工艺厂 in china);
or xxgy = xin xing gong yu ,新新公寓 XinXin apartments;
Arts & Crafts :
XinXing Arts & Crafts Factory Nanan, Fujian xxgy.net
河北易县鑫兴工艺品厂xxgy.cn
丰顺县潭江新兴工艺厂www.mzmap.com/gszn/xxgy
广东梅县星星工艺厂
Apartments
xian xia gong yu 仙霞公寓社区-南京房地产网 - nj.focus.cn/~xxgy
新新公寓-社区网-房地产网 - xxgy.focus.cn xxgy.bj.soufun.com
新翔公寓二期(翔殷心秀)-上海房地产网 - xxgy.sh.focus.cn
新型工業 new industry
A craft is a skill, especially involving practical arts. It may refer to a
trade or particular art.
The term is often used as part of a longer word (and also in the plural). For
example, a craft-brother is a fellow worker in a particular trade and a
craft-guild is, historically, a guild of workers in the same trade. See some
further examples below.
The term is often used to describe the family of artistic practices within the
decorative arts that traditionally are defined by their relationship to
functional or utilitarian products (such as sculptural forms in the vessel
tradition) or by their use of such natural media as wood, clay, glass, textiles,
and metal. Crafts practiced by independent artists working alone or in small
groups are often referred to as studio craft. Studio craft includes studio
pottery, metal work, weaving, wood turning and other forms of wood working,
glass blowing, and glass art.
A craft fair is an organized event to display crafts by a number of exhibitors.
Folk art follows craft traditions, in contrast to fine art or "high art".
Both Freemasonry and Wicca are alternatively know as 'The Craft' by their
adherents.
Arts and crafts comprise a whole host of activities and hobbies that are related
to making things with one's own hands and skill. These can be sub-divided into
handicrafts or "traditional crafts" (doing things the old way) and "the rest".
Some crafts have been practised for centuries, while others are modern
inventions, or popularisations of crafts which were originally practised in a
very small geographic area.
Additionally, this term refers to the Arts and Crafts movement, which was a
social revolution veiled in a design movement of the late 19th and early 20th
century, whose proponents included William Morris and Edwin Lutyens. They
believed that medieval craftsmen achieved a joy and fulfillment in the
excellence of their work, which they strove to emulate.
These activities are called crafts because originally many of them were
professions under the guild system. Adolescents were apprenticed to a
master-craftsman, and they refined their skills over a period of years in
exchange for low wages. By the time their training was complete, they were
well-equipped to set up in trade for themselves, earning their living with the
skill that could be traded directly within the community, often for goods and
services. The Industrial Revolution and the increasing mechanisation of
production processes gradually reduced or eliminated many of the roles
professional craftspeople played, and today 'crafts' are most commonly seen as a
form of hobby or art.
Most crafts require a combination of skill, speed, and patience, but they can
also be learnt on a more basic level by virtually anyone. Many community centres
and schools run evening or day classes and workshops offering to teach basic
craft skills in a short period of time. Many of these crafts become extremely
popular for brief periods of time (a few months, or a few years), spreading
rapidly among the crafting population as everyone emulates the first examples,
then their popularity wanes until a later resurgence.
The term craft also refers to the products of artistic production or creation
that require a high degree of tacit knowledge, are highly technical, require
specialized equipment and/or facilities to produce, involve manual labour or a
blue-collar work ethic, are accessible to the general public and are constructed
from materials with histories that exceed the boundaries of western art history,
such as ceramics, glass, textiles, metal and wood. These products are produced
within a specific community of practice and while they differ from the products
produced within the communities of art and design, the boundaries of such often
overlap resulting in hybrid objects. Additionally, as the interpretation and
validation of art is frequently a matter of context, an audience may perceive
crafted objects as art objects when these objects are viewed within an art
context, such as in a museum or in a position of prominence in one’s home.
The term can also refer to the useful rural crafts of the agricultural
countryside. Craftmanship refers to Plato's idea of specialization, in which the
lower society has a specific job in the greater society so that it functions
properly as a whole.
Types of arts/crafts
* There are almost as many variations on the theme of "arts and crafts" as there
are crafters with time on their hands, but they can be broken down into a number
of categories:
Crafts involving textiles
* Banner-making
* Canvas work
* Cross-stitch
* Crocheting
* Curve stitching
* Embroidery
* Knitting
* Lace-making
* Lucet
* Macrame
* Millinery
* Needlepoint
* Patchwork
* Quilting
* Ribbon embroidery
* Rug making
* Sewing
* Shoemaking
* Spinning (textiles)
* Spirelli (also see Scrapbooking)
* String art
* Tapestry
* Tatting
* Weaving
* T-shirt art
Crafts involving wood, metal or clay
* Metalworking
* Jewelry
* Pottery
* Sculpture
* Woodworking
* Cabinet making
* Chip carving
* Marquetry
* Wood burning
* Wood turning
* Polymer clay
Crafts involving paper or canvas
* Bookbinding
* Calligraphy
* Cardmaking
* Card Modelling
* Collage
* Decoupage
* Iris Folding
* Marbling
* Origami
* Papercraft
* Papier-maché
* Pergamano - parchment craft
* Quilling or Paper Filigree
* Scrapbooking
* Stamping
Crafts involving plants
* Basket weaving
* Corn dolly making
* Pressed flower craft
* Straw Marquetry
Other crafts
* Balloon animal
* Beadwork
* Doll making
* Dollhouse construction and furnishing
* Egg decorating
* Etching
* Glassblowing
* Lapidary
* Mosaics
* Pioneering
* Stained glass
* Toy making
The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works
in ceramic, wood, glass, metal, or textile. The field includes ceramics,
furniture, furnishings, interior design, and architecture. The decorative arts
are often categorized in opposition to the "fine arts", namely, painting,
drawing, photography, and large-scale sculpture. Some distinguish between
decorative and fine art based on functionality, intended purpose, importance,
status as a unique creation, or single-artist production. Decorative arts, or
furnishings, may be fixed (for example, wallpaper), or moveable (for example,
lamps).
Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type of work where
useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple
tools. Usually the term is applied to traditional means of making goods. The
individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion, such items often
have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made by mass production or
machines are not handicrafts.
Usually, what distinguishes the term handicraft from the frequently used
category arts and crafts is a matter of intent: handicrafted items are intended
to be used, worn, et cetera, having a purpose beyond simple decoration.
Handicrafts are generally considered more traditional work, created as a
necessary part of daily life, while arts and crafts implies more of a hobby
pursuit and a demonstration/perfection of a creative technique. In practical
terms, the categories have a great deal of overlap.
List of handicraft trades
Handicrafts include:
* assemblage – collage in three dimensions
* beadwork
* bone carving buffalo,camel,elephant bone carving.
* horn carving buffalo,rhino horn carving.
* cabinet making
* chip carving
* collage possibly involving seeds, fabric, paper, photographs and/or found
objects
* crochet
* embossed aluminum or silver
* gardening
* knitting
* marquetry
* metalwork
* modeling
* mosaic
* needlework
* pottery and ceramics
* pressed flower craft — uses real flowers and leaves
* puppetry
* quilting - also reference Quilt and Art quilts
* sewing
* shoemaking
* spinning
* stained glass
* wood burning
* wood carving
* woodturning
* woodworking
* List of handicraft manufacturers
Artisans were the dominant producers of goods before the Industrial Revolution.
Artisan origins
According to Classical economics theory, the division of labor occurs with
internal market development (Adam Smith). However, according to economist John
Hicks, merchants and artisans originated as servants to the rulers, which
occurred much earlier. Artisans make the products with the creative thinking and
hardwork of their hands.
Artisan guilds
trade (profession)
In Europe during the Middle Ages artisans usually organised into guilds. Guilds
were associations of master artisans that were granted charters by the local
sovereign authority. The guilds controlled all aspects of production and
distribution to ensure quality and to prevent competition from outside markets.
Along with merchants, artisans occupied the middle tier of the European and
Indian social hierarchy, below the landowning aristocrats and above the
agricultural workers. In contrast, Japan's Edo period artisan class was ranked
below the samurai and the agricultural workers, and above the merchants.
To become an artisan in the guilds, a person worked under a master artisan as an
unpaid apprentice at a young age. If the apprentice completed the training, the
apprentice became a paid journeyman. For a journeyman to become a master
artisan, he would have to produce a masterpiece that met the standards of the
guild.
Artisan jewelry
Artisan jewelry dates back as far as 7000 BC when gold and copper began to be
sculpted to adorn the human form and the practice continues today. Although
rarely price competitive with machine-made items, artisan handmade jewelry is
prized for its uniqueness, variety and often unsurpassed beauty. Reflecting the
talents of the artisan onto the wearer, the broad spectrum of artisan jewelry is
available to provide satisfaction to queens, rock stars and "everyday folk."
Numerous jewelry artisans exist around the globe. Some fine examples of artisan
jewelry can be seen at The Metropolitan Museum , and Sif Sigli .
Quilt artisans
Quilt-maker artisans are called quilters. These artisans are mostly women who
make quilts especially in their houses. Quilt making is traditional folk art
worldwide, including south Asia where their traditional quilts are called Ralli
quilts.
Notes
1. ^ Proponents of feminist theory oppose the use of "-man" as a suffix in
English, on the grounds that it is not gender neutral. This and similar concerns
lead to the usage of craftswoman to indicate a female artisan, and limiting the
usage of craftsman to male artisans. Other neologisms that have been coined for
these reasons include craftspeople, craftworkers and craft workers.
Are you interested in
mult-player online internet games? Such as runescape and neopets?Internet
Game Online-games, tips, cheats and kids forumsAnother good forum is
the Internet Junction For Gamers IJFG.COM Internet
Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM Jokes, Pranks,
Runescape and other cool games at IJFG.COM. RuneScape is set in a medieval
fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest", where players control
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Players explore, form alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for
rewards and to build character's skills.
RuneScape has often been one of
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cheats....autos or bots that will help them achieve success in their beloved
games of Runescape 2.
RuneScape is a virtual world which
is divided into two part: Members Areas and Non-Members areas. People who pay to
play (p2p), receive access to the special areas. They also have access to the
free areas. The members' places are much larger, offer "better" items for the
gameplay of rs2, and much, much more. The character that you create when you
first start playing runescape, moves around the game on foot; either by running,
or walking. Players are challenged to their utmost skills by fighting new
monsters, completing difficult quests, and manipulating marketing. As Runescape
2 is an RPG (Role playing game), there is no set path a person must take to play
rs. They can choose what to do, and when, whether it be training their
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Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and More IJFG.COM IJFG.com was a
runescape 2 based site. They have now, however, taken another look....
Of course the king of all game
cheating websites is
trick
the trik (otherwise known as RPG Cheats Site), where you can find cheat
forums, mmorpg topsite, arcade games and any mmo game related topics.
The master of massive multiplayer
online role-playing games (MMORPG) cheats can be found at Trik.com
Trik.com; this site is one of the best today. The forum section,
Trik.com forum, originally came from IJFG.com (Internet Junction For
Gamers) , which was one of the best websites that discussed various gamers'
issues. The full name was Internet Junction For Gamers, Runescape Market and
More. This site had Jokes, Pranks, RuneScape and other cool games. RuneScape is
set in a medieval fantasy world, similar to "Guild Wars" or "EverQuest," where
players control character representations of themselves. As with most MMORPG,
there is no overall objective or end to the game. Players explore, form
alliances, perform optional tasks, and complete quests for rewards and to build
characters' skills.
Trik.com continues IJFG.com's
success, but Trik.com has more to offer. Trik Topsite can be found at
Trik Topsite; the TopSite is a great addition if you want to find the best
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Trik arcade. Trik.com ?Trik.com/topsite ?Trik.com/forum/arcade.php
With the rising popularity of
commercial MMORPG games came the desire from ardent players of these games to
run their own servers beside the ones run by the game's creator. Since the
original server software is not usually available, the behavior of the server
has to be re-engineered. This can be done by analyzing the data stream with the
original server, or by disassembling and analyzing the client which is
available.
Ultima Online was one of the first
large MMORPGs. Due to its openness in implementation, server emulators arose
very quickly, even during the beta stage of development. The destination to
which the client connects was changeable by simply editing a text file. In beta
stage the client-server data stream was not encrypted yet. The term server
emulator became known through Ultima Online server reimplementation such as UOX,
which was the pioneer. Many forks and reimplementations followed UOX, because
its source code was released under the GNU General Public License relatively
early. RunUO is today the most widely used UO-server emulator. After RuneScape
implemented anti-cheating measures, many gamers left and started their own
private servers. The best place to discuss the private server is at
Trik- The Master of Private Server.
Another useful site is
Rune
Web ruwb.com . This site is about more serious RuneScape gold trading,
account exchange, gold for real life cash and many services. It includes tips on
how to avoid getting lured/scammed while using the marketplace. For programming,
visual basics, java, C/C++, scar and all other languages such as PHP, HTML, ASP,
Delphi. There are also sections for graphics talents, plus many cool videos and
fun stuff.
A defining moment in internet
gaming history was when a group of gamers called (hygo 7) decided to start an
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hygo.com. It has the best financial backing, the friendliest game community,
and the highest quality of information. Currently Hygo.com has entered a new
phase...Hygo.com is offering the best private server game. With thousands of
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Hygo.com - The Online Adventure Game. is definitely one of the top sites you
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Ezud.com is now the powerhouse of
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So come on down to the new type of runescape 2 cheating:
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